{"id":483,"date":"2022-01-17T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-17T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/?p=483"},"modified":"2022-01-14T14:03:00","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T13:03:00","slug":"jak-zabavit-deti-tvorba-malych-svetu-a-rozvoj-fantazie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/2022\/01\/17\/jak-zabavit-deti-tvorba-malych-svetu-a-rozvoj-fantazie\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak zabavit d\u011bti – tvorba mal\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f a rozvoj fantazie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e jsem hledala, jak zabavit d\u011bti nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi dinousau\u0159\u00edmi aktivitami<\/a>, narazila jsem na \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd koncept her<\/strong>, kter\u00fd jsem do t\u00e9 doby neznala. Ale jakmile jsem si o n\u011bm zjistila v\u00edce informac\u00ed, uv\u011bdomila jsem si, \u017ee syn (je mu moment\u00e1ln\u011b t\u0159i a p\u016fl roku) si takhle hraje u\u017e n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. A te\u010f, kdy\u017e v\u00edm, o co jde, m\u016f\u017eu mu v\u00edc pom\u00e1hat, aby svou hru mohl d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjet. Ur\u010dit\u011b se te\u010f pt\u00e1te, o co se jedn\u00e1? Jedn\u00e1 se o takzvan\u00e9 mal\u00e9 sv\u011bty<\/strong>, jejich vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159ehr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed si v nich nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Co je vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed mal\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f?<\/h3>\n

Jde o to, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b si vytvo\u0159\u00ed (nebo vy ytvo\u0159\u00edte pro n\u011bj) jednoduch\u00fd, mal\u00fd model n\u011bjak\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. B\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je anglick\u00fd v\u00fdraz „small world play“. V tomto mal\u00e9m sv\u011bte si pak d\u00edt\u011b m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ehr\u00e1vat sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e ze \u017eivota nebo pou\u017e\u00edt fantazii a p\u0159ehr\u00e1vat scen\u00e1\u0159e vymy\u0161len\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed mal\u00e9ho sv\u011bta nepot\u0159ebujete (pokud samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neudete cht\u00edt) kupovat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00ed hra\u010dky<\/strong> nebo pom\u016fcky. V\u00fdborn\u011b si vysta\u010d\u00edte s nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159edm\u011bty, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e m\u00e1te doma nebo je nasb\u00edr\u00e1te p\u0159i vych\u00e1zce s d\u00edt\u011btem.<\/p>\n

Mal\u00e9 sv\u011bty jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou n\u011bjak t\u00e9maticky zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9<\/strong> – my jsme nap\u0159\u00edklad za\u010d\u00ednali vytvo\u0159en\u00edm dinou\u0159\u00edho sv\u011bta. Ale m\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt cokoli – pl\u00e1\u017e, staveni\u0161t\u011b, les, obchod, tropick\u00fd ostrov… Aby se d\u00edt\u011b ve sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i d\u00e9le zabavilo, je dobr\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobit t\u00e9matiku tomu, co ho pr\u00e1v\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Mal\u00e9 sv\u011bty v sob\u011b \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fd senzorick\u00fd prvek<\/strong>, kter\u00fd hru ozvl\u00e1\u0161t\u0148uje a rozv\u00edj\u00ed d\u011btsk\u00e9 smysly. M\u016f\u017eete nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159idat malou n\u00e1dobu s vodou, kter\u00e1 bude slou\u017eit jako baz\u00e9n nebo hlubok\u00fd oce\u00e1n. Skv\u011bl\u00fd je p\u00edsek, r\u00fd\u017ee, k\u016fra ze strom\u016f. Zkr\u00e1tka cokoli, d\u00edky \u010demu d\u00edt\u011b zapoj\u00ed do hry v\u00edce smysl\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou p\u0159\u00ednosy tohoto typu hran\u00ed?<\/h3>\n

Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee vytvo\u0159\u00edte nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak zabavit d\u011bti, ani\u017e byste museli nakupovat nov\u00e9 hra\u010dky, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehr\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f spoustu benefit\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se o n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Emo\u010dn\u00ed rozvoj<\/strong> – D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee si d\u00edt\u011b m\u016f\u017ee v bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 pln\u011b pod kontrolou, p\u0159ehr\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky i vymy\u0161len\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e, m\u016f\u017ee pro\u017e\u00edvat rozmanit\u00e9 emoce a nau\u010d\u00ed se je l\u00e9pe zpracov\u00e1vat.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0158e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sebev\u011bdom\u00ed<\/strong> – D\u00edt\u011b se samo rozhoduje, jak z jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mal\u00fd sv\u011bt postav\u00ed. D\u00edky tomu je postaveno p\u0159ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed cel\u00e9 \u0159ady probl\u00e9m\u016f (jak na sob\u011b udr\u017eet dva kam\u00ednky, aby nespadly, kam um\u00edstit jez\u00edrko s vodou, budo v\u00ed\u010dka slou\u017eit jako misky na krmen\u00ed nebo \u017eidle na sezen\u00ed…) a t\u00edm, jak je \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b \u0159e\u0161\u00ed a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed n\u011bco, co je v jeho o\u010d\u00edch \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9, si zvy\u0161uje sebev\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  3. Roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby<\/strong> – D\u011bti p\u0159i h\u0159e aktivn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed a roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobu o odborn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slova, kter\u00e1 v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 denn\u00ed rutinn\u011b nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed.<\/li>\n
  4. Lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed sv\u011bta<\/strong> – Proto\u017ee si d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ehr\u00e1v\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed toho, jak sv\u011bt funguje, a u\u010d\u00ed se, jak na situace m\u016f\u017ee v budoucnu reagovat.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Jak a kdy d\u00edt\u011bti mal\u00e9 sv\u011bty p\u0159edstavit?<\/h3>\n

    Kdy si d\u00edt\u011b zvl\u00e1dne hr\u00e1t podle sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f, je jako u v\u0161eho siln\u011b individu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Kdy\u017e je d\u011btem kolem dvou a p\u016fl roku, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed si rozv\u00edjet p\u0159edstavivost a vypr\u00e1v\u011bt sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed, i kdy\u017e zat\u00edm jen velmi jednoduch\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy<\/strong>. \u017de je d\u00edt\u011b na hru p\u0159ipraveno, pozn\u00e1te tak, \u017ee si u v\u011bc\u00ed za\u010dne p\u0159edstavovat, \u017ee maj\u00ed jin\u00fd v\u00fdznam – nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017ee hrne\u010dek je hora na lezen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Pod\u00edvejme se nyn\u00ed na t\u0159i kroky, jak mal\u00fd sv\u011bt p\u0159ipravit tak, aby d\u011bti zabavil:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Ur\u010dete t\u00e9ma, jak\u00e9 mal\u00fd sv\u011bt bude m\u00edt.<\/strong> Jak u\u017e jsem zm\u00ednila v\u00fd\u0161e, je vhodn\u00e9, aby odpov\u00eddalo tomu, co d\u00edt\u011b zrovna zaj\u00edm\u00e1, proto\u017ee ho pak zabav\u00ed na del\u0161\u00ed dobu.<\/li>\n
    2. P\u0159ipravte prvky, kter\u00e9 mal\u00fd sv\u011bt budou tvo\u0159it. <\/strong>Porozhl\u00e9dn\u011bte se v kuchyni, na zahrad\u011b, v krabici s hra\u010dkami a posb\u00edrejte v\u0161e, co by se pro hru mohlo hodit (modely zv\u00ed\u0159at, pan\u00e1\u010dci, um\u011bl\u00e1 tr\u00e1va, silnice a koleje, dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, sklen\u011bn\u00e9 kam\u00ednky, modely stromk\u016f, kousky d\u0159eva, mu\u0161le, kostky, v\u011btvi\u010dky, p\u00e1r\u00e1tka, nast\u0159\u00edhan\u00e9 pap\u00edry, kusy l\u00e1tek…). Do p\u0159\u00edpravy zapojte i d\u011bti, budete p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed, s jak\u00fdmi n\u00e1pady p\u0159ijdou. D\u00e1le budete pot\u0159ebovat t\u00e1c nebo krabici, ve kter\u00e9 mal\u00fd sv\u011bt vytvo\u0159\u00edte.<\/li>\n
    3. P\u0159ipravte sc\u00e9nu.<\/strong> \u010c\u00edm mlad\u0161\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b prvk\u016f by sc\u00e9na m\u011bla obsahovat, aby se d\u00edt\u011b nezahltilo velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm vjem\u016f a o hru neztratilo z\u00e1jem. Nechte d\u00edt\u011b, a\u0165 samo rozhodne, kam jak\u00fd prvek um\u00edst\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \"JakJak zabavit d\u011bti pomoc\u00ed mal\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f?<\/h3>\n

      V\u0161e je p\u0159ipraveno, je \u010das pustit se do hry! Pokud d\u00edt\u011b nev\u00ed, jak prost\u0159ed\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat, m\u016f\u017eete mu pomoci t\u00edm, \u017ee si ze za\u010d\u00e1tku budete hr\u00e1t s n\u00edm. Pokud jste nap\u0159\u00edklad ud\u011blali sc\u00e9nu p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed staveni\u0161t\u011b, m\u016f\u017eete hr\u00e1t za bagr a nab\u00edrat p\u00edsek, parkovat s bagrem, jen s n\u00edm natankovat apod. D\u00edt\u011b se d\u0159\u00edve nebo pozd\u011bji p\u0159ipoj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      \u010c\u00edm bude d\u00edt\u011b star\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm bude samo v\u00edc a v\u00edc schopn\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1zet s nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i hry. Postupn\u011b nebudou tak doslovn\u00e9, ale bude p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let i nad r\u016fzn\u00fdmi abstraktn\u00edmi koncepty.<\/p>\n

      Postupn\u011b se tak\u00e9 bude prodlu\u017eovat doma, kdy bude schopn\u00e9 se pono\u0159it do hry samo bez va\u0161\u00ed pomoci.<\/p>\n

      Jak hran\u00ed udr\u017eet v \u010distot\u011b?<\/h3>\n

      Pokud se do prost\u0159ed\u00ed rozhodnete zapojit r\u016fzn\u00e9 senzorick\u00e9 prvky jako je voda nebo p\u00edsek, nejsp\u00ed\u0161 dojde k tomu, \u017ee se n\u011bjak\u00e9 voda rozleje a p\u00edsek rozpsype. Aby byl \u00faklid po h\u0159e co nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, osv\u011bd\u010dilo se mi rozlo\u017eit pod t\u00e1c, na kter\u00e9m je mal\u00fd sv\u011bt p\u0159ipraven\u00fd, piknikovou deku<\/strong>. Po h\u0159e ji mohu snadno vyklepat. A proto\u017ee m\u00e1 nepropustnou spodn\u00ed vrstvu, nenavlhne podlaha nebo koberec.<\/p>\n

      D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je taky s d\u00edt\u011btem stanovit si n\u011bjak\u00e1 pravidla, aby v\u011bd\u011blo, \u017ee s p\u00edskem (nebo jak\u00fdmkoli jin\u00fdm sypk\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem) nem\u00e1 h\u00e1zet, proto\u017ee jinak hra okam\u017eit\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

      Nen\u00ed to proti Montessori?<\/h3>\n

      Nen\u00ed \ud83d\ude42 Pokud se budete p\u0159i tvorb\u011b dr\u017eet re\u00e1ln\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00ed a nezapoj\u00edte fantaskn\u00ed v\u011bci jako v\u00edly a l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed koberce, je tvorba mal\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f pln\u011b v souladu s Montessori pedagogikou.<\/p>\n

      Z\u00e1v\u011brem<\/h3>\n

      Tvorba mal\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f je nevy\u010derpateln\u00fdm zdrojem toho, jak zabavit d\u011bti v t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e9m v\u011bku. Prost\u0159ed\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt tak jednoduch\u00e1 nebo komplikovan\u00e1, jak si sami budete p\u0159\u00e1t. P\u0159i v\u00fdb\u011bru pom\u016fcek m\u016f\u017eete pou\u017e\u00edt to, co u\u017e m\u00e1te doma, nebo naopak nakoupit cokoli, co se v\u00e1m bude cht\u00edt. Je to prost\u011b geni\u00e1ln\u00ed!<\/p>\n

      Pokud pot\u0159ebujete trochu inspirace, m\u016f\u017eete se pod\u00edvat na tuhle skv\u011blou n\u00e1st\u011bnku na Pinterestu<\/a>. Jak jste asi odhadli, jsem z tohoto stylu hry nad\u0161en\u00e1, tak\u017ee m\u016f\u017eete o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee spousta konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch mal\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f se objev\u00ed na m\u00e9m Instagramu<\/a>.<\/p>\n

      Zn\u00e1te tento typ hry pro d\u011bti? Bav\u00ed je? Budu moc r\u00e1da, kdy\u017e mi nap\u00ed\u0161ete va\u0161e zku\u0161enosti do koment\u00e1\u0159\u016f!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Kdy\u017e jsem hledala, jak zabavit d\u011bti nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi dinousau\u0159\u00edmi aktivitami, narazila jsem na \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd koncept her, kter\u00fd jsem do t\u00e9 doby neznala. Ale jakmile jsem si o n\u011bm zjistila v\u00edce informac\u00ed, uv\u011bdomila jsem si, \u017ee syn (je mu moment\u00e1ln\u011b t\u0159i a p\u016fl roku) si takhle hraje u\u017e n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. A te\u010f, kdy\u017e v\u00edm, o co jde, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":491,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4],"class_list":["post-483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nezarazene","tag-montessori-aktivity"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/nasemontessori.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/jak_zabavit_deti2.jpg?fit=1500%2C1000&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/483","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=483"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/483\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":493,"href":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/483\/revisions\/493"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=483"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=483"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nasemontessori.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=483"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}